It has been more than two years in the making, but 13 new astronauts have finally joined NASA under the mission that will bring the first female to the moon -and some may be the first humans to step on Mars. The candidates, who have been training since 2017, participated in the first public graduation ceremony for astronauts on Friday at the American space Agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston. The group includes six women and seven men, two of them were Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronauts, and all were chosen from record-setting pool of more than 18,000 applicants. During the ceremony, each of the bright-eyed graduates were given a silver pin that symbolizes the Mercury 7 – NASA's first astronaut group that was selected in 1959. They will then be awarded a gold pin once they completed their first spaceflights.

Wheat Ridge, Colorado-based Lutheran Medical Center, which is part of Broomfield, Colorado-based SCL Health, wanted to improve its operations. "We determined a few years ago that for a hospital like ours that has a very challenging payer mix, … running an extremely cost-efficient operation was necessary for stability," said Lutheran Medical Center president and CEO Grant Wicklund in a phone interview. "One of the ways we identified we could become even more cost-efficient was to be absolutely world-class at having the appropriate length of stay." Noomi Hirsch, the medical center's vice president of operations, took the lead on the effort. In a phone interview, she explained that the organization was able to hit low-hanging fruit areas, but eventually started looking at options in the technology world to tackle the problem.

By capturing statistical patterns in large corpora, machine learning has enabled significant advances in natural language processing, including in machine translation, question answering, and sentiment analysis. However, for agents to intelligently interact with humans, simply capturing the statistical patterns is insufficient. In this paper we investigate if, and how, grounded compositional language can emerge as a means to achieve goals in multi-agent populations. Towards this end, we propose a multi-agent learning environment and learning methods that bring about emergence of a basic compositional language. This language is represented as streams of abstract discrete symbols uttered by agents over time, but nonetheless has a coherent structure that possesses a defined vocabulary and syntax. We also observe emergence of non-verbal communication such as pointing and guiding when language communication is unavailable.

Today's artificial assistants are typically prompted to perform tasks through direct, imperative commands such as \emph{Set a timer} or \emph{Pick up the box}. However, to progress toward more natural exchanges between humans and these assistants, it is important to understand the way non-imperative utterances can indirectly elicit action of an addressee. In this paper, we investigate command types in the setting of a grounded, collaborative game. We focus on a less understood family of utterances for eliciting agent action, locatives like \emph{The chair is in the other room}, and demonstrate how these utterances indirectly command in specific game state contexts. Our work shows that models with domain-specific grounding can effectively realize the pragmatic reasoning that is necessary for more robust natural language interaction.

n order for robots to engage in dialog with human teammates, they must have the ability to map between words in the language and aspects of the external world. A solution to this symbol grounding problem (Harnad, 1990) would enable a robot to interpret commands such as “Drive over to receiving and pick up the tire pallet.” In this article we describe several of our results that use probabilistic inference to address the symbol grounding problem. Our specific approach is to develop models that factor according to the linguistic structure of a command. We first describe an early result, a generative model that factors according to the sequential structure of language, and then discuss our new framework, generalized grounding graphs (G3). The G3 framework dynamically instantiates a probabilistic graphical model for a natural language input, enabling a mapping between words in language and concrete objects, places, paths and events in the external world. We report on corpus-based experiments where the robot is able to learn and use word meanings in three real-world tasks: indoor navigation, spatial language video retrieval, and mobile manipulation.

A recurring requirement for human-level artificial intelligence is the incorporation of vast amounts of knowledge into a software agent that can use the knowledge in an efficient and organized fashion. This article discusses representations and processes for agents and behavior models that integrate large, diverse knowledge stores, are long-lived, and exhibit high degrees of competence and flexibility while interacting with complex environments. There are many different approaches to building such agents, and understanding the important commonalities and differences between approaches is often difficult. We introduce a new approach to comparing frameworks based on the notions of commitment, reconsideration, and a categorization of representations and processes. We review four agent frameworks, concentrating on the major representations and processes each directly supports. By organizing the approaches according to a common nomenclature, the analysis highlights points of similarity and difference and suggests directions for integrating and unifying disparate approaches and for incorporating research results from one framework into alternatives.